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		Minireview Scribble at the crossroads Sandrine Etienne-Manneville Journal of Biology 2009, 8:104 (29 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Etienne-Manneville reviews the intimate link between cell polarity and cell proliferation in the light of a recent study in BMC Biology clarifying the polarity, proliferation and apoptotic pathways downstream of the tumour suppressor Scribble.
		Question & Answer Q&A: Quantitative approaches to planar polarity and tissue organization Emily Marcinkevicius, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez, Jennifer A Zallen Journal of Biology 2009, 8:103 (29 December 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Zallen and colleagues explain in Q&A format the complex process by which the cells of a tissue establish planar polarity, in which their spatial properties are coordinated, and how failures may be reflected in human developmental defects.
		Editorial Gene regulation, evolvability and the limits of genomics Miranda Robertson Journal of Biology 2009, 8:94 (24 December 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Minireview The transcriptome of human monocyte subsets begins to emerge Fernando O Martinez Journal of Biology 2009, 8:99 (23 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Monocytes are circulating cells that can differentiate into macrophages with either repair and maintenance or inflammatory properties. Martinez discusses recent papers, including one published in BMC Genomics, that help define these distinct properties and thus identify therapeutic targets.
		Minireview Chromatin 'programming' by sequence - is there more to the nucleosome code than %GC? Amanda Hughes, Oliver J Rando Journal of Biology 2009, 8:96 (23 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary How far is packaging of DNA by nucleosomes directed by DNA sequence? Hughes and Rando discuss this issue in the light of new research in BMC Bioinformatics indicating that nucleosome occupancy is largely determined by the GC content of DNA.
		Minireview Fishing for the signals that pattern the face Thomas F Schilling, Pierre Le Pabic Journal of Biology 2009, 8:101 (22 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Craniofacial defects such as cleft lip or palate are common. Schilling and Le Pabic discuss how research on developmental mutants of zebrafish, including one published recently in BMC Developmental Biology, can shed light on craniofacial development.
		Opinion Promoter architecture and the evolvability of gene expression Itay Tirosh, Naama Barkai, Kevin J Verstrepen Journal of Biology 2009, 8:95 (14 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Major evolutionary change depends on changes in gene expression. Itay Tirosh and colleagues review recent research on the influence of promoter architecture and mutations in regulatory proteins on divergent expression patterns and suggest what is required for evolvability.
		Minireview Coordinated gene expression by post-transcriptional regulons in African trypanosomes Marc Ouellette, Barbara Papadopoulou Journal of Biology 2009, 8:100 (14 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
		Minireview Adaptations of proteins to cellular and subcellular pH Bertrand Garcia-Moreno Journal of Biology 2009, 8:98 (2 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Protein function and stability are acutely sensitive to pH, which varies in different subcellular compartments. Garcia-Moreno discusses research recently reported in BMC Biology suggesting that adaptation to different compartments is reflected in charge distribution.
		Minireview TBP2 is a general transcription factor specialized for female germ cells Ferenc Müller, Làszlò Tora Journal of Biology 2009, 8:97 (30 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Mueller and Tora discuss a BMC Biology paper that shows that TBP2 is highly similar to TATA binding proteins but is an oocyte-specific factor and is indispensable for female germ cell development in vertebrates.
		Research article Generalized immune activation as a direct result of activated CD4⁺T cell killing Rute Marques, Adam Williams, Urszula Eksmond, Andy Wullaert, Nigel Killeen, Manolis Pasparakis, Dimitris Kioussis, George Kassiotis Journal of Biology 2009, 8:93 (27 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary HIV causes immunodeficiency by deleting activated CD4 T lymphocytes, but paradoxically also causes general immune activation. Kassiotis and colleagues have mimicked this effect by using genetic engineering to delete activated T cells in mice, and show that in the mice it is due to loss of regulatory T cells.
		Minireview Life and death as a T lymphocyte: from immune protection to HIV pathogenesis Nienke Vrisekoop, Judith N Mandl, Ronald N Germain Journal of Biology 2009, 8:91 (27 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Vrisekekoop, Mandl and Germain discuss the consequences of deleting activated CD4 T cells both in HIV infected humans and in engineered mice described in a paper published in Journal of Biology, and how both the similarities and the differences may be instructive.
		Editorial What we still don't know about AIDS Miranda Robertson Journal of Biology 2009, 8:87 (27 November 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Minireview The gene complement of the ancestral bilaterian - was Urbilateria a monster? David J Miller, Eldon E Ball Journal of Biology 2009, 8:89 (19 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Bilateral animals have selectively shed genes as they evolved from their hypothetical ancestor, Urbilateria. Miller and Ball review this genomic history and ask if a recent paper in BMC Evolutionary Biology points to an ancestral worm.
		Opinion The nature of cell-cycle checkpoints: facts and fallacies Alexey Khodjakov, Conly L Rieder Journal of Biology 2009, 8:88 (16 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary The development of the checkpoint concept was a landmark in the understanding of cell cycle control, but Alexey Khodjakov and Conly Rieder argue that it is widely misunderstood, to the detriment of progress in cell cycle research.
		Minireview An expanded evolutionary role for flower symmetry genes Lena C Hileman, Pilar Cubas Journal of Biology 2009, 8:90 (6 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Cubas and Hileman discuss studies, including one in BMC Evolutionary Biology, showing that the CYC-like genes that control floral symmetry have profound effects on other features and have been recruited to diverse roles in floral evolution.
		Review Mechanisms of ubiquitin transfer by the anaphase-promoting complex Mary E Matyskiela, Monica C Rodrigo-Brenni, David O Morgan Journal of Biology 2009, 8:92 (26 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a giant ubiquitin ligase required for separation of the chromosomes at metaphase and exit from mitosis. David Morgan and colleagues explain how this complex combines specificity with flexibility, with implications for regulation by ubiquitination in general.
		Minireview Targeting TNF-α for cancer therapy Elizabeth R Burton, Steven K Libutti Journal of Biology 2009, 8:85 (23 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Minireview TEs or not TEs? That is the evolutionary question Keren Vaknin, Amir Goren, Gil Ast Journal of Biology 2009, 8:83 (23 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Opinion Molecular machines or pleiomorphic ensembles: signaling complexes revisited Bruce J Mayer, Michael L Blinov, Leslie M Loew Journal of Biology 2009, 8:81 (16 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Intracellular signaling complexes are not machines but form and dissolve in myriad combinations. Bruce Mayer argues in a new series called Ockham's broom that it is time to confront this reality with modern imaging and mathematical tools.
		Editorial Ockham's broom: A new series Miranda Robertson Journal of Biology 2009, 8:79 (16 October 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Minireview Decoding the multifaceted HIV-1 virus-host interactome Eric Y Chan, Marcus J Korth, Michael G Katze Journal of Biology 2009, 8:84 (13 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Minireview Adaptation by introgression Michael L Arnold, Noland H Martin Journal of Biology 2009, 8:82 (13 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
		Question & Answer Q&A: What are pharmacological chaperones and why are they interesting? Dagmar Ringe, Gregory A Petsko Journal of Biology 2009, 8:80 (13 October 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Small molecules that stabilize mutant proteins with high specificity can be used to treat protein misfolding and metabolic diseases: in a Q&A highlighting recent successes, Dagmar Ringe and Gregory Petsko explain how.
		Minireview The effects of lipids on channel function Anthony G Lee Journal of Biology 2009, 8:86 (6 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed

	All
		Minireview Scribble at the crossroads Sandrine Etienne-Manneville Journal of Biology 2009, 8:104 (29 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Etienne-Manneville reviews the intimate link between cell polarity and cell proliferation in the light of a recent study in BMC Biology clarifying the polarity, proliferation and apoptotic pathways downstream of the tumour suppressor Scribble.
		Question & Answer Q&A: Quantitative approaches to planar polarity and tissue organization Emily Marcinkevicius, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez, Jennifer A Zallen Journal of Biology 2009, 8:103 (29 December 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Zallen and colleagues explain in Q&A format the complex process by which the cells of a tissue establish planar polarity, in which their spatial properties are coordinated, and how failures may be reflected in human developmental defects.
		Editorial Gene regulation, evolvability and the limits of genomics Miranda Robertson Journal of Biology 2009, 8:94 (24 December 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Minireview The transcriptome of human monocyte subsets begins to emerge Fernando O Martinez Journal of Biology 2009, 8:99 (23 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Monocytes are circulating cells that can differentiate into macrophages with either repair and maintenance or inflammatory properties. Martinez discusses recent papers, including one published in BMC Genomics, that help define these distinct properties and thus identify therapeutic targets.
		Minireview Chromatin 'programming' by sequence - is there more to the nucleosome code than %GC? Amanda Hughes, Oliver J Rando Journal of Biology 2009, 8:96 (23 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary How far is packaging of DNA by nucleosomes directed by DNA sequence? Hughes and Rando discuss this issue in the light of new research in BMC Bioinformatics indicating that nucleosome occupancy is largely determined by the GC content of DNA.
		Minireview Fishing for the signals that pattern the face Thomas F Schilling, Pierre Le Pabic Journal of Biology 2009, 8:101 (22 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Craniofacial defects such as cleft lip or palate are common. Schilling and Le Pabic discuss how research on developmental mutants of zebrafish, including one published recently in BMC Developmental Biology, can shed light on craniofacial development.
		Opinion Promoter architecture and the evolvability of gene expression Itay Tirosh, Naama Barkai, Kevin J Verstrepen Journal of Biology 2009, 8:95 (14 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Major evolutionary change depends on changes in gene expression. Itay Tirosh and colleagues review recent research on the influence of promoter architecture and mutations in regulatory proteins on divergent expression patterns and suggest what is required for evolvability.
		Minireview Coordinated gene expression by post-transcriptional regulons in African trypanosomes Marc Ouellette, Barbara Papadopoulou Journal of Biology 2009, 8:100 (14 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
		Minireview Adaptations of proteins to cellular and subcellular pH Bertrand Garcia-Moreno Journal of Biology 2009, 8:98 (2 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Protein function and stability are acutely sensitive to pH, which varies in different subcellular compartments. Garcia-Moreno discusses research recently reported in BMC Biology suggesting that adaptation to different compartments is reflected in charge distribution.
		Minireview TBP2 is a general transcription factor specialized for female germ cells Ferenc Müller, Làszlò Tora Journal of Biology 2009, 8:97 (30 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Mueller and Tora discuss a BMC Biology paper that shows that TBP2 is highly similar to TATA binding proteins but is an oocyte-specific factor and is indispensable for female germ cell development in vertebrates.
		Research article Generalized immune activation as a direct result of activated CD4⁺T cell killing Rute Marques, Adam Williams, Urszula Eksmond, Andy Wullaert, Nigel Killeen, Manolis Pasparakis, Dimitris Kioussis, George Kassiotis Journal of Biology 2009, 8:93 (27 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary HIV causes immunodeficiency by deleting activated CD4 T lymphocytes, but paradoxically also causes general immune activation. Kassiotis and colleagues have mimicked this effect by using genetic engineering to delete activated T cells in mice, and show that in the mice it is due to loss of regulatory T cells.
		Minireview Life and death as a T lymphocyte: from immune protection to HIV pathogenesis Nienke Vrisekoop, Judith N Mandl, Ronald N Germain Journal of Biology 2009, 8:91 (27 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Vrisekekoop, Mandl and Germain discuss the consequences of deleting activated CD4 T cells both in HIV infected humans and in engineered mice described in a paper published in Journal of Biology, and how both the similarities and the differences may be instructive.
		Editorial What we still don't know about AIDS Miranda Robertson Journal of Biology 2009, 8:87 (27 November 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Minireview The gene complement of the ancestral bilaterian - was Urbilateria a monster? David J Miller, Eldon E Ball Journal of Biology 2009, 8:89 (19 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Bilateral animals have selectively shed genes as they evolved from their hypothetical ancestor, Urbilateria. Miller and Ball review this genomic history and ask if a recent paper in BMC Evolutionary Biology points to an ancestral worm.
		Opinion The nature of cell-cycle checkpoints: facts and fallacies Alexey Khodjakov, Conly L Rieder Journal of Biology 2009, 8:88 (16 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary The development of the checkpoint concept was a landmark in the understanding of cell cycle control, but Alexey Khodjakov and Conly Rieder argue that it is widely misunderstood, to the detriment of progress in cell cycle research.
		Minireview An expanded evolutionary role for flower symmetry genes Lena C Hileman, Pilar Cubas Journal of Biology 2009, 8:90 (6 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Cubas and Hileman discuss studies, including one in BMC Evolutionary Biology, showing that the CYC-like genes that control floral symmetry have profound effects on other features and have been recruited to diverse roles in floral evolution.
		Review Mechanisms of ubiquitin transfer by the anaphase-promoting complex Mary E Matyskiela, Monica C Rodrigo-Brenni, David O Morgan Journal of Biology 2009, 8:92 (26 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a giant ubiquitin ligase required for separation of the chromosomes at metaphase and exit from mitosis. David Morgan and colleagues explain how this complex combines specificity with flexibility, with implications for regulation by ubiquitination in general.
		Minireview Targeting TNF-α for cancer therapy Elizabeth R Burton, Steven K Libutti Journal of Biology 2009, 8:85 (23 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Minireview TEs or not TEs? That is the evolutionary question Keren Vaknin, Amir Goren, Gil Ast Journal of Biology 2009, 8:83 (23 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Opinion Molecular machines or pleiomorphic ensembles: signaling complexes revisited Bruce J Mayer, Michael L Blinov, Leslie M Loew Journal of Biology 2009, 8:81 (16 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Intracellular signaling complexes are not machines but form and dissolve in myriad combinations. Bruce Mayer argues in a new series called Ockham's broom that it is time to confront this reality with modern imaging and mathematical tools.
		Editorial Ockham's broom: A new series Miranda Robertson Journal of Biology 2009, 8:79 (16 October 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Minireview Decoding the multifaceted HIV-1 virus-host interactome Eric Y Chan, Marcus J Korth, Michael G Katze Journal of Biology 2009, 8:84 (13 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
		Minireview Adaptation by introgression Michael L Arnold, Noland H Martin Journal of Biology 2009, 8:82 (13 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
		Question & Answer Q&A: What are pharmacological chaperones and why are they interesting? Dagmar Ringe, Gregory A Petsko Journal of Biology 2009, 8:80 (13 October 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Small molecules that stabilize mutant proteins with high specificity can be used to treat protein misfolding and metabolic diseases: in a Q&A highlighting recent successes, Dagmar Ringe and Gregory Petsko explain how.
		Minireview The effects of lipids on channel function Anthony G Lee Journal of Biology 2009, 8:86 (6 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed