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Open questions about influenza A (H1N1) 2009
Miranda Robertson Journal of Biology 2009, 8:68 (2 October 2009)
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Nursing some sense out of Myc
Nicole M Sodir, Gerard I Evan Journal of Biology 2009, 8:77 (28 September 2009)
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The transcriptional regulator Myc drives the proliferation of most tumor cells, but is also important for many normal functions. Sodir and Evan discuss a paper in BMC Biology that, among others, suggests the normal functions can survive inhibition of Myc.
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Physical forces in myelination and repair: a question of balance?
Nina G Bauer, Charles ffrench-Constant Journal of Biology 2009, 8:78 (25 September 2009)
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Bauer and ffrench-constant discuss a BMC Cell Biology paper suggesting how the balance of intracellular contractile forces and extracellular attachments may direct myelination, and could explain why remyelination fails in multiple sclerosis.
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Deciphering the genetic code of morphogenesis using functional genomics
Athea Vichas, Jennifer A Zallen Journal of Biology 2009, 8:76 (22 September 2009)
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Vichas and Zallen review the routes from genome-wide data-sets to functional characterization, in the light of a temporal and spatial screen published in BMC Biology which identifies 55 previously unknown genes expressed during Drosophila gastrulation.
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The 'stem cell' concept: is it holding us back?
Arthur D Lander Journal of Biology 2009, 8:70 (21 September 2009)
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Arthur Lander argues that the molecular definition of a stem cell is a mirage and 'stemness' is an emergent property of cells in their physiological context, so that the current concept is arguably an obstacle to research.
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Q&A: What have we found out about the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic virus?
Stephen J Turner, Lorena E Brown, Peter C Doherty, Anne Kelso Journal of Biology 2009, 8:69 (18 September 2009)
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Editor’s summary
Stephen Turner and colleagues follow up their earlier Q&A on influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and ask what we now know about its transmissibility, pathogenicity and variability, and the likelihood of more severe disease in the Northern hemisphere winter.
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Complementary pathways in mammalian female sex determination
Serge Nef, Jean-Dominique Vassalli Journal of Biology 2009, 8:74 (2 September 2009)
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Nef and Vassalli discuss the molecular basis of female sex determination in the light of a recent BMC Developmental Biology paper identifying two independent and complementary signaling pathways that promote ovarian fate and repress testicular development.
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Motifs from the deep
Tony W Hwang, Vlad Codrea, Andrew D Ellington Journal of Biology 2009, 8:72 (2 September 2009)
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Ellington and colleagues review a new method published in BMC Genomics developed to search for noncoding RNAs in marine metagenomic data, and that identified eight novel RNA motifs including a new riboswitch class.
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The absolute pitch mind continues to reveal itself
Patrick Bermudez, Robert J Zatorre Journal of Biology 2009, 8:75 (27 August 2009)
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Insulators as mediators of intra- and inter-chromosomal interactions: a common evolutionary theme
Chin-Tong Ong, Victor G Corces Journal of Biology 2009, 8:73 (27 August 2009)
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Ong and Corces review the long-range inter- and intrachromosomal interactions that regulate gene expression in eukaryotes and discuss a recent study in BMC Molecular Biology that helps illustrate the diversity of insulation mechanisms at the interaction points.
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The complex genetic basis of simple behavior
Anna J Jasinska, Nelson B Freimer Journal of Biology 2009, 8:71 (27 August 2009)
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Jasinska and Freimer discuss a recent paper in BMC Biology by Mackay and colleagues that reveals the complex genetics behind fruitfly aggression, with implications for the dissection of human behaviours
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Dysregulating the regulators
Miranda Robertson Journal of Biology 2009, 8:60 (27 August 2009)
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Beyond toxicity: aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated functions in the immune system
Brigitta Stockinger Journal of Biology 2009, 8:61 (17 August 2009)
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Brigitta Stockinger argues that the immunosuppressive effects of dioxin and other toxic aryl hydrocarbons may reflect disruption of the regulatory interactions between immune cells, which variably express the specific receptor for these compounds.
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Infectious causes of cancer and their detection
Lucy Dalton-Griffin, Paul Kellam Journal of Biology 2009, 8:67 (11 August 2009)
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Lucy Dalton-Griffin and Paul Kellam discuss the role of viruses in cancer following a recent paper in BMC Medical Genomics describing a new method of detecting viral DNA in cancer cells.
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The human spermatozoon – a stripped down but refined machine
Christopher LR Barratt, Vanessa Kay, Senga K Oxenham Journal of Biology 2009, 8:63 (7 August 2009)
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Christopher Barratt and colleagues review our current knowledge of the human sperm cell and available treatments for male subfertility in the light of a recent paper in BMC Developmental Biology on the role of the annulus.
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Parasite immunomodulation and polymorphisms of the immune system
Rick M Maizels Journal of Biology 2009, 8:62 (5 August 2009)
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Rick Maizels discusses a recent paper in BMC Biology on wild mammals that lend support to the hygiene hypothesis, and explains why genetic variants that reduce parasite-induced immunosuppression are associated with an increase in allergic reactions.
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From bending DNA to diabetes: the curious case of HMGA1
Robert K Semple Journal of Biology 2009, 8:64 (27 July 2009)
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Robert Semple reviews new findings published in BMC Biology that help explain how deficiencies in the DNA-bending protein HMGA1 can cause type 2 diabetes and low levels of the insulin receptor but paradoxically increased insulin sensitivity.
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The where and wherefore of evolutionary breakpoints
David Sankoff Journal of Biology 2009, 8:66 (24 July 2009)
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David Sankoff discusses the properties of chromatin in breakpoint regions and their relevance to evolutionary change in the light of two recent papers in BMC Genomics.
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Comparative embryology without a microscope: using genomic approaches to understand the evolution of development
David A Garfield, Gregory A Wray Journal of Biology 2009, 8:65 (21 July 2009)
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The early stages of development are generally very highly conserved. Garfield and Wray discuss recent genome-scale studies published in BMC Biology and aimed at testing three theories of how selection acts on early embryos.
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Of primordial genomes and cooperative kittens
Miranda Robertson Journal of Biology 2009, 8:52 (20 July 2009)
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Search for a 'Tree of Life' in the thicket of the phylogenetic forest
Pere Puigbò, Yuri I Wolf, Eugene V Koonin Journal of Biology 2009, 8:59 (13 July 2009)
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Editor’s summary
Koonin and colleagues, comparing a forest of 7000 phylogenetic trees, discern vertical inheritance even at the earliest stages of prokaryotic evolution, despite horizontal gene transfer, but the branching order of the earliest radiations may never be resolved.
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Trees in the Web of Life
Kristen S Swithers, J Peter Gogarten, Gregory P Fournier Journal of Biology 2009, 8:54 (13 July 2009)
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Editor’s summary
Gogarten and colleagues review new research by Koonin and colleagues in Journal of Biology and explain how the obstacle of horizontal gene transfer can be circumvented to reconstruct the prokaryotic Tree of Life.
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Vernalization in cereals
Elizabeth S Dennis, W James Peacock Journal of Biology 2009, 8:57 (22 June 2009)
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Elizabeth Dennis and James Peacock review recent advances in the molecular basis of the vernalization response that, with the increase in day length at the end of the winter season, triggers flowering.
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Do unicolonial wood ants favor kin?
Heikki Helanterä Journal of Biology 2009, 8:56 (18 June 2009)
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Clocks, cryptochromes and Monarch migrations
Charalambos P Kyriacou Journal of Biology 2009, 8:55 (18 June 2009)
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Editor’s summary
The magnetosensitivity that guides the annual autumn migration of the Monarch butterfly from eastern North America to Mexico is, Charalambos Kyriacou tells us, beginning to yield to molecular analysis.
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