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	51. 222 Accesses	Research article A global analysis of genetic interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans Alexandra B Byrne, Matthew T Weirauch, Victoria Wong, Martina Koeva, Scott J Dixon, Joshua M Stuart, Peter J Roy Journal of Biology 2007, 6:8 (26 September 2007) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A C. elegans genetic-interaction network built by combining gene mutants and knockdowns is the largest animal network to date, revealing redundancy among functional modules and surprisingly little conservation of network connections compared to yeast.
	52. 219 Accesses	Question & Answer Q&A: What are pharmacological chaperones and why are they interesting? Dagmar Ringe, Gregory A Petsko Journal of Biology 2009, 8:80 (13 October 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Small molecules that stabilize mutant proteins with high specificity can be used to treat protein misfolding and metabolic diseases: in a Q&A highlighting recent successes, Dagmar Ringe and Gregory Petsko explain how.
	53. 220 Accesses	Minireview Targeting TNF-α for cancer therapy Elizabeth R Burton, Steven K Libutti Journal of Biology 2009, 8:85 (23 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	54. 217 Accesses	Minireview SnoPatrol: how many snoRNA genes are there? Paul P Gardner, Alex Bateman, Anthony M Poole Journal of Biology 2010, 9:4 (25 January 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Gardner, Bateman and Poole review the current knowledge of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and discuss two BMC Genomic papers reporting the identification of novel snoRNAs and the likelihood that there are many more out there.
	55. 217 Accesses	Minireview Robust and specific inhibition of microRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans Samrat T Kundu, Frank J Slack Journal of Biology 2010, 9:20 (1 April 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Frank Slack and Samrat Kundu highlight a refinement of the antisense strategy used to inhibit miRNAs in C.elegans, published in Silence, with an adaptation that supports transmission through the germline, and combinatorial use to target several different miRNAs in developing tissues.
	56. 213 Accesses	Research article Suppression of adaptive immunity to heterologous antigens during Plasmodium infection through hemozoin-induced failure of dendritic cell function Owain R Millington, Caterina Di Lorenzo, R Phillips, Paul Garside, James M Brewer Journal of Biology 2006, 5:5 (12 April 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Hemozoin pigment, released during malarial infection, is now known to cause dendritic cell failure and subsequent host immunosupression, explaining why people with malaria become prone to infection and respond poorly to vaccines.
	57. 212 Accesses	Minireview Regulation of metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans longevity Marco Gallo, Donald L Riddle Journal of Biology 2010, 9:7 (10 February 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A metabolomic quest for universals in the control of lifespan recently reported in BMC Biology implicates branched-chain amino acid pools. Gallo and Riddle review the lessons from C.elegans in research on longevity, and discuss the implications of the metabolomic research.
	58. 208 Accesses	Research article Generalized immune activation as a direct result of activated CD4⁺T cell killing Rute Marques, Adam Williams, Urszula Eksmond, Andy Wullaert, Nigel Killeen, Manolis Pasparakis, Dimitris Kioussis, George Kassiotis Journal of Biology 2009, 8:93 (27 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary HIV causes immunodeficiency by deleting activated CD4 T lymphocytes, but paradoxically also causes general immune activation. Kassiotis and colleagues have mimicked this effect by using genetic engineering to delete activated T cells in mice, and show that in the mice it is due to loss of regulatory T cells.
	59. 205 Accesses	Research article ERK1 and ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinases affect Ras-dependent cell signaling differentially Chiara Vantaggiato, Ivan Formentini, Attilio Bondanza, Chiara Bonini, Luigi Naldini, Riccardo Brambilla Journal of Biology 2006, 5:14 (28 June 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 have unexpectedly independent roles in normal and malignant Ras-dependent cell proliferation; ERK2 controls normal cell proliferation whereas ERK1 antagonizes ERK2 activity.
	60. 202 Accesses	Review Notch signaling, the segmentation clock, and the patterning of vertebrate somites Julian Lewis, Anja Hanisch, Maxine Holder Journal of Biology 2009, 8:44 (22 May 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Julian Lewis and colleagues review the part played by the Notch signaling pathway in the emergence of somites from the embryonic mesoderm and their later differentiation.
	61. 196 Accesses	Minireview Apical polarity in three-dimensional culture systems: where to now? Jamie L Inman, Mina J Bissell Journal of Biology 2010, 9:2 (21 January 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	62. 196 Accesses	Minireview Cryptic biodiversity in a changing world Luciano B Beheregaray, Adalgisa Caccone Journal of Biology 2007, 6:9 (21 December 2007) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	63. 194 Accesses	Minireview Dishevelled and Wnt signaling: is the nucleus the final frontier? Raymond Habas, Igor B Dawid Journal of Biology 2005, 4:2 (17 February 2005) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	64. 193 Accesses	Minireview Complementary pathways in mammalian female sex determination Serge Nef, Jean-Dominique Vassalli Journal of Biology 2009, 8:74 (2 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Nef and Vassalli discuss the molecular basis of female sex determination in the light of a recent BMC Developmental Biology paper identifying two independent and complementary signaling pathways that promote ovarian fate and repress testicular development.
	65. 195 Accesses	Research article Dosage compensation is less effective in birds than in mammals Yuichiro Itoh, Esther Melamed, Xia Yang, Kathy Kampf, Susanna Wang, Nadir Yehya, Atila Van Nas, Kirstin Replogle, Mark R Band, David F Clayton, Eric E Schadt, Aldons J Lusis, Arthur P Arnold Journal of Biology 2007, 6:2 (22 March 2007) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Male:female ratios of gene expression in zebra finch and chicken reveal that birds, unlike mammals, have surprisingly ineffective sex-chromosome dosage compensation mechanisms resulting in an imbalance between autosomal and sex-linked genes.
	66. 189 Accesses	Opinion Promoter architecture and the evolvability of gene expression Itay Tirosh, Naama Barkai, Kevin J Verstrepen Journal of Biology 2009, 8:95 (14 December 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Major evolutionary change depends on changes in gene expression. Itay Tirosh and colleagues review recent research on the influence of promoter architecture and mutations in regulatory proteins on divergent expression patterns and suggest what is required for evolvability.
	67. 187 Accesses	Research article Evidence for large domains of similarly expressed genes in the Drosophila genome Paul T Spellman, Gerald M Rubin Journal of Biology 2002, 1:5 (18 June 2002) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology
	68. 184 Accesses	Research article Transplanted astrocytes derived from BMP- or CNTF-treated glial-restricted precursors have opposite effects on recovery and allodynia after spinal cord injury Jeannette E Davies, Christoph Pröschel, Ningzhe Zhang, Mark Noble, Margot Mayer-Pröschel, Stephen JA Davies Journal of Biology 2008, 7:24 (19 September 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Glial cells can promote the repair of damaged spinal cord, but experiments in rats show that while some promote functional recovery others cause abnormal growth and pain, depending on the growth factor used to cultivate them in culture.
	69. 183 Accesses	Minireview Exploiting the promiscuity of imatinib Shun J Lee, Jean YJ Wang Journal of Biology 2009, 8:30 (15 April 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Lee and Wang discuss how the structural flexibility of the cancer drug imatinib (Gleevec) accounts for the drug's off-target promiscuity, illustrated by a structural study published in BMC Structural Biology.
	70. 183 Accesses	Minireview An expanded evolutionary role for flower symmetry genes Lena C Hileman, Pilar Cubas Journal of Biology 2009, 8:90 (6 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Cubas and Hileman discuss studies, including one in BMC Evolutionary Biology, showing that the CYC-like genes that control floral symmetry have profound effects on other features and have been recruited to diverse roles in floral evolution.
	71. 182 Accesses	Minireview Limb regeneration revisited Jessica L Whited, Clifford J Tabin Journal of Biology 2009, 8:5 (13 January 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	72. 182 Accesses	Minireview How chemotherapy damages the central nervous system Christina A Meyers Journal of Biology 2008, 7:11 (22 April 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment
	73. 181 Accesses	Minireview The cattle genome reveals its secrets David W Burt Journal of Biology 2009, 8:36 (24 April 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Burt discusses the impact of the recently sequenced Bovine genome on our understanding of bovine phylogeny and the genomics of domestication.
	74. 179 Accesses	Opinion Mayr, mathematics and the study of evolution James F Crow Journal of Biology 2009, 8:13 (23 February 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary James Crow picks up the gauntlet thrown down by Mayr at the feet of JBS Haldane, and describes the essential contribution of mathematics to the understanding of evolution from genetic drift to molecular clocks.
	75. 179 Accesses	Opinion The 'stem cell' concept: is it holding us back? Arthur D Lander Journal of Biology 2009, 8:70 (21 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 2 comments \| Editor’s summary Arthur Lander argues that the molecular definition of a stem cell is a mirage and 'stemness' is an emergent property of cells in their physiological context, so that the current concept is arguably an obstacle to research.
	76. 174 Accesses	Research article The phosphatidylserine receptor has essential functions during embryogenesis but not in apoptotic cell removal Jens Böse, Achim D Gruber, Laura Helming, Stefanie Schiebe, Ivonne Wegener, Martin Hafner, Marianne Beales, Frank Köntgen, Andreas Lengeling Journal of Biology 2004, 3:15 (23 August 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary The phosphatidylserine receptor is not needed for the recognition of dying cells as previously thought, and instead plays a role in the differentiation of a wide range of tissues during embryogenesis.
	77. 174 Accesses	Minireview Regeneration review reprise Jessica L Whited, Clifford J Tabin Journal of Biology 2010, 9:15 (16 February 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Stem cell biology and new high throughput techniques are inspiring new advances in research on regeneration. Whited and Tabin discuss recent developments, including two recent reports in BMC Biology that may mean a reevaluation of the regenerative prospects for humans.
	78. 174 Accesses	Opinion The nature of cell-cycle checkpoints: facts and fallacies Alexey Khodjakov, Conly L Rieder Journal of Biology 2009, 8:88 (16 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary The development of the checkpoint concept was a landmark in the understanding of cell cycle control, but Alexey Khodjakov and Conly Rieder argue that it is widely misunderstood, to the detriment of progress in cell cycle research.
	79. 172 Accesses	Question & Answer Q&A: Cooperativity James E Ferrell Journal of Biology 2009, 8:53 (16 June 2009) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary James Ferrell explains in Q&A format how cooperativity can tune the behaviour of biological macromolecules to their physiological functions, and can be achieved in many different ways.
	80. 170 Accesses	Minireview Metabolic reconfiguration is a regulated response to oxidative stress Chris M Grant Journal of Biology 2008, 7:1 (25 January 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	81. 169 Accesses	Review The ribosome returned Peter B Moore Journal of Biology 2009, 8:8 (26 January 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	82. 167 Accesses	Minireview RNA interference in nematodes and the chance that favored Sydney Brenner Marie-Anne Félix Journal of Biology 2008, 7:34 (13 November 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	83. 168 Accesses	Minireview Making the jump: new insights into the mechanism of trans-translation Jacek Wower, Iwona K Wower, Christian Zwieb Journal of Biology 2008, 7:17 (30 June 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	84. 165 Accesses	Minireview Evolution of virulence in malaria Bridget Penman, Sunetra Gupta Journal of Biology 2008, 7:22 (28 August 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	85. 165 Accesses	Minireview The long term effects of chemotherapy on the central nervous system Patricia K Duffner Journal of Biology 2006, 5:21 (30 November 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	86. 164 Accesses	Minireview Aquaglyceroporins: ancient channels for metalloids Hiranmoy Bhattacharjee, Rita Mukhopadhyay, Saravanamuthu Thiyagarajan, Barry P Rosen Journal of Biology 2008, 7:33 (7 November 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	87. 162 Accesses	Research article Global analysis of X-chromosome dosage compensation Vaijayanti Gupta, Michael Parisi, David Sturgill, Rachel Nuttall, Michael Doctolero, Olga K Dudko, James D Malley, P Scott Eastman, Brian Oliver Journal of Biology 2006, 5:3 (16 February 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary In Drosophila germ cells, X chromosome genes are upregulated to balance their expression with that of autosomes; the same happens in somatic cells of mice and nematodes.
	88. 159 Accesses	Question & Answer Q&A: What can microfluidics do for stem-cell research? Marie Csete Journal of Biology 2010, 9:1 (11 February 2010) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	89. 158 Accesses	Research article Nuclear localization is required for Dishevelled function in Wnt/β-catenin signaling Keiji Itoh, Barbara K Brott, Gyu-Un Bae, Marianne J Ratcliffe, Sergei Y Sokol Journal of Biology 2005, 4:3 (15 February 2005) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary Dishevelled, a key player in the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway, doesn't only function in the cytoplasm and at the cell membrane, but must be imported into the nucleus to perform at least one key aspect of its function.
	90. 157 Accesses	Research article Systematic identification of regulatory proteins critical for T-cell activation Peter Chu, Jorge Pardo, Haoran Zhao, Connie C Li, Erlina Pali, Mary M Shen, Kunbin Qu, Simon X Yu, Betty CB Huang, Peiwen Yu, Esteban S Masuda, Susan M Molineaux, Frank Kolbinger, Gregorio Aversa, Jan de Vries, Donald G Payan, X Charlene Liao Journal of Biology 2003, 2:21 (15 September 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	91. 157 Accesses	Minireview The human spermatozoon – a stripped down but refined machine Christopher LR Barratt, Vanessa Kay, Senga K Oxenham Journal of Biology 2009, 8:63 (7 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Christopher Barratt and colleagues review our current knowledge of the human sperm cell and available treatments for male subfertility in the light of a recent paper in BMC Developmental Biology on the role of the annulus.
	92. 157 Accesses	Minireview Infectious causes of cancer and their detection Lucy Dalton-Griffin, Paul Kellam Journal of Biology 2009, 8:67 (11 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Lucy Dalton-Griffin and Paul Kellam discuss the role of viruses in cancer following a recent paper in BMC Medical Genomics describing a new method of detecting viral DNA in cancer cells.
	93. 155 Accesses	Review Mechanisms of ubiquitin transfer by the anaphase-promoting complex Mary E Matyskiela, Monica C Rodrigo-Brenni, David O Morgan Journal of Biology 2009, 8:92 (26 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a giant ubiquitin ligase required for separation of the chromosomes at metaphase and exit from mitosis. David Morgan and colleagues explain how this complex combines specificity with flexibility, with implications for regulation by ubiquitination in general.
	94. 154 Accesses	Minireview Movement in ribosome translocation Christopher S Fraser, John WB Hershey Journal of Biology 2005, 4:8 (27 June 2005) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	95. 154 Accesses	Minireview Estimating rates and patterns of morphological evolution from phylogenies: lessons in limb lability from Australian Lerista lizards John J Wiens Journal of Biology 2009, 8:19 (24 February 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	96. 154 Accesses	Minireview The THO complex as a key mRNP biogenesis factor in development and cell differentiation Sonia Jimeno, Andrés Aguilera Journal of Biology 2010, 9:6 (28 January 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The THO complex is implicated in RNA export from the nucleus, but exactly how is not clear. Jimeno and Aguilera discuss a new report on the THOC5 subunit in BMC Biology that suggests a role in differentiation.
	97. 154 Accesses	Minireview Observing bacteria through the lens of social evolution Carey D Nadell, Bonnie L Bassler, Simon A Levin Journal of Biology 2008, 7:27 (30 September 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	98. 152 Accesses	Research article Identification of conserved regulatory elements by comparative genome analysis Boris Lenhard, Albin Sandelin, Luis Mendoza, Pär Engström, Niclas Jareborg, Wyeth W Wasserman Journal of Biology 2003, 2:13 (22 May 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	99. 152 Accesses	Research article Combined optical trapping and single-molecule fluorescence Matthew J Lang, Polly M Fordyce, Steven M Block Journal of Biology 2003, 2:6 (24 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology
	100. 152 Accesses	Minireview Comparative embryology without a microscope: using genomic approaches to understand the evolution of development David A Garfield, Gregory A Wray Journal of Biology 2009, 8:65 (21 July 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The early stages of development are generally very highly conserved. Garfield and Wray discuss recent genome-scale studies published in BMC Biology and aimed at testing three theories of how selection acts on early embryos.